Women, Business and the Law 2022 is the eighth in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women's economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women's interactions with the law as they move through their careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. Amid a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, 'Women, Business and the Law 2022' identifies barriers to women's economic participation and encourages reform of discriminatory laws. This year, the study also includes pilot research related to childcare and implementation of the law. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women's economic empowerment. The indicators build evidence of the critical relationship between legal gender equality and women's employment and entrepreneurship. Data in 'Women, Business and the Law 2022' are current as of October 1, 2021. **Citation** *“World Bank. 2022. Women, Business and the Law 2022. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/36945 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”* **URI** http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36945
This report provides a snapshot of adolescent girls' digital literacy across the East Asia and Pacific region with a special focus on Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam. Digital literacy is critical to participation in today’s world and by the year 2030, up to 80 per cent of jobs in Southeast Asia will require basic digital literacy and applied information and communication technology (ICT) skills. In 2022, an estimated 73 per cent of youth aged 15–24 years in the Asia Pacific region used the internet, but use and digital competences vary by gender across the region. UNICEF calls on stakeholders to address the gender digital divide by supporting the empowerment of girls to develop advanced digital competencies safely and by ensuring both girls and boys have increased access to affordable internet and digital devices.
Girls’ Digital Literacy in the East Asia and Pacific Region
The Global Gender Gap Index annually benchmarks the current state and evolution of gender parity across four key dimensions (Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment). It is the longest-standing index tracking the progress of numerous countries’ efforts towards closing these gaps over time since its inception in 2006.
The World Bank's Gender Data Portal makes the latest gender statistics accessible through compelling narratives and data visualizations to improve the understanding of gender data and facilitate analyses that inform policy choices. They include: - Population - SDGs - Children 0-14 - Youth 15-24 - Assets - Education - Employment and Time Use - Entrepreneurship - Environment - Health - Leadership - Norms and Decision-making - Technology - Violence
The Gender Data Portal is the World Bank Group’s comprehensive source for the latest sex-disaggregated data and gender statistics. Gender refers to the social, behavioral, and cultural attributes, expectations, and norms associated with being male or female. Gender equality refers to how these factors determine the way in which women and men relate to each other and to the resulting differences in power between them. Data throughout the site are displayed by sex (male and female), which follows the current international standard for statistics.
World Bank's Gender Data Portal Full Dataset
### **Abstract** This retrospective report explores global progress and lessons learned over the past 10 years in promoting gender equality. This report takes stock of global progress and considers the impact of evidence-backed solutions to close the most persistent gender gaps. It examines the evolution of World Bank Group’s engagement on gender and highlights promising approaches. Reflections and findings will enable the WBG and its partners to develop a deeper understanding of what works, provide opportunities to strengthen and expand efforts in critical areas, and will inform the new WBG Gender Strategy, to be launched in 2024. ### **Citation** “World Bank. 2023. Gender Equality in Development: A Ten-Year Retrospective. © Washington, DC: World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/39939 License: [CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo).” ### **URI** https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39939
Gender Equality in Development: A Ten-Year Retrospective
Publication: Gender Equality in Development: A Ten-Year Retrospective
The age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) brings about unprecedented opportunities as well as new challenges. To take full advantage of new technologies, we need to place emphasis on what makes us human: the capacity to learn new skills as well as our creativity, empathy and ingenuity. By developing our unique traits and talents, humanity can cope with increasingly fast technological change and ensure broad-based progress for all. The equal contribution of women and men in this process of deep economic and societal transformation is critical. More than ever, societies cannot afford to lose out on the skills, ideas and perspectives of half of humanity to realize the promise of a more prosperous and human- centric future that well-governed innovation and technology can bring. This report finds that, globally, although many countries have achieved important milestones towards gender parity across education, health, economic and political systems, there remains much to be done. On the one hand, countries where the next generation of women are becoming leaders in their domains are poised for further success. On the other hand, this year’s analysis also warns about the possible emergence of new gender gaps in advanced technologies, such as the risks associated with emerging gender gaps in Artificial Intelligence-related skills. In an era when human skills are increasingly important and complementary to technology, the world cannot afford to deprive itself of women’s talent in sectors in which talent is already scarce.
The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries, and Cooperatives (MoALFC) has developed a comprehensive Data Governance Framework to enhance the management and utilization of farmers' registration data in Kenya. This framework aims to foster trust among farmers by providing them with greater control over their data and establishing clear policies, standards, and protocols for data collection, storage, and use. The framework is built around five central pillars: defining roles and responsibilities, ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory standards, establishing policies and guidelines, implementing practical tools and practices for data management, and developing key processes and procedures for data handling. By implementing this framework, the MoALFC seeks to improve data-driven decision-making, enhance communication among stakeholders, and increase the overall value and security of agricultural data.
Ministry of Agriculture Data Governance Framework 2022
By many measures, 2015 marks a watershed year in the international communitys efforts to advance gender equality. In September, with the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), UN Member States committed to a renewed and more ambitious framework for development. This agenda, with a deadline of 2030, emphasizes inclusion not just as an end in and of itself but as critical to development effectiveness. At the center of this agenda is the achievement of gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls (SDG 5). In addition to governments, the private sector is increasingly committed to reducing gaps between men and women not just because it is the right thing to do, but because it makes business sense. Gender equality is also central to the World Bank Group’s own goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. No society can develop sustainably without transforming the distribution of opportunities, resources and choices for males and females so that they have equal power to shape their own lives and contribute to their families, communities, and countries. Promoting gender equality is smart development policy. **Citation** “World Bank Group. 2015. World Bank Group Gender Strategy (FY16-23) : Gender Equality, Poverty Reduction and Inclusive Growth. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/23425 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
World Bank Group Gender Strategy (FY16-23) : Gender Equality, Poverty Reduction and Inclusive Growth
At the dawn of the 2020s, building fairer and more inclusive economies must be the goal of global, national and industry leaders. To get there, instilling gender parity across education, health, politics and across all forms of economic participation will be critical. Over the past 14 years, the Global Gender Gap Index included in this report has served as a compass to track progress on relative gaps between women and men on health, education, economy, and politics. Through this annual yardstick, stakeholders within each country are able to set priorities relevant in each specific economic, political and cultural context. This year’s report highlights the growing urgency for action. Without the equal inclusion of half of the world’s talent, we will not be able to deliver on the promise of the Fourth Industrial Revolution for all of society, grow our economies for greater shared prosperity or achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals. At the present rate of change, it will take nearly a century to achieve parity, a timeline we simply cannot accept in today’s globalized world, especially among younger generations who hold increasingly progressive views of gender equality.
How can governments ensure that women have the same employment and entrepreneurship opportunities as men? One important step is to level the legal playing field so that the rules for operating in the worlds of work and business apply equally regardless of gender. Women, Business and the Law 2018, the fifth edition in a series, examines laws affecting women’s economic inclusion in 189 economies worldwide. It tracks progress that has been made over the past two years while identifying opportunities for reform to ensure economic empowerment for all. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2017 and explores new areas of research, including financial inclusion. **Citation** *“World Bank Group. 2018. Women, Business and the Law 2018. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29498 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”* **URI** http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29498
LES FEMMES, L’ENTREPRISE ET LE DROIT 2018
Women, business and the law focuses on this critical piece of the puzzle, objectively highlighting differentiations on the basis of gender in 141 economies around the world, covering six areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit and going to court. Women, business and the law describes regional trends and shows how economies are changing across these six areas, tracking governments' actions to expand economic opportunities for women. For men and women throughout the developing world, the chance to start and run a business or get a good job is the surest hope for a way out of poverty. It also requires good business regulation, suited to the purpose, streamlined and accessible, so that the opportunity to build a business or have a good job is dependent not on connections, wealth or power, but on an individual's initiative and ability. The doing business report has led the way in providing data to countries about creating a sounder and more streamlined business environment. Women, Business, and the Law 2012 are the second in this series of reports. This edition retains the same basic structure of the 2010 pilot edition, while significantly expanding the depth of data covered. While the number of topics covered is the same, there has been a significant expansion of the data collected within these topics, thus addressing some of the initial shortcomings of the pilot edition. The number of economies covered has also been expanded from 128 to 141. **Citation** *“World Bank; International Finance Corporation. 2011. Women, Business and the Law 2012 : Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/27444 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”* **URI** http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27444
Women, Business and the Law 2012 : Removing Barriers to Economic Inclusion
### Gender and Food Systems Gender equality is a precondition for achieving the world’s shared ambitions of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, including delivering sustainable food systems. From production to marketing and consumption, gender, power and privilege are woven throughout the fabric of food systems. As a result, gender inequalities are both a cause and an outcome of inequitable food systems that contribute to unjust food access, production, and consumption. Food system organizations can be leaders in creating a just and sustainable food system. One in which women’s roles move from being invisible to visible, where their voices are heard, and their leadership amplified. One where food system roles, responsibilities, opportunities, and choices are not predetermined by restrictive gender roles, and social and cultural norms and power imbalances are not entry barriers for many people. ### The 2021 Global Food 50/50 Report The primary aim of the 2021 Global Food 50/50 Report is to catalyze faster progress towards this vision by enabling enhanced accountability driven by rigorous evidence. A second aim is to increase recognition of the role that gender plays in the food system for everybody — men and women, including transgender people, and people with nonbinary gender identities. This Report presents measures of how well an initial sample of global food system organizations are acknowledging and addressing gender as a determinant of opportunity, access, and participation in the global food system. It shows that organizational commitment to gender equality is high. Over half of the organizations are transparent about their policies for shaping diverse, inclusive, and equitable working environments.
This report presents indicators based on laws and regulations affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees. Several of these indicators draw on the Gender Law Library, a collection of over 2,000 legal provisions impacting women's economic status. Both resources can inform research and policy discussions on how to improve women's economic opportunities and outcomes. The six indicators of gender differences in formal laws and institutions established in this report include: 1) accessing institutions, 2 ) using prpoerty, 3) getting a job, 4) dealing with taxes, 5) building credit, and 6) going to court. The first 3 indicators (accessing institutions, using property, and getting a job) capture laws that have direct gender dimensions and are based on a reading of such laws from the perspective of individual women. The 4th indicator (dealing with taxes) examines the direct and indirect gender implications of tax policy from the perspective of 4 standardized families with varying tax liabilities. The last 2 indicators (building credit and going to court) examine the ease of access to credit bureaus and courts to examine the indirect effects that microfinance institutions and dispute resolution have on women, who are more likely to rely on nontraditional financial services. **Citation** *“World Bank. 2010. Women, Business and the Law 2010 : Measuring Legal Gender Parity for Entrepreneurs and Workers in 128 Economies. Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/20190 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”* **URI** http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20190
Women, Business and the Law 2010 : Measuring Legal Gender Parity for Entrepreneurs and Workers in 128 Economies
In the past 50 years women's legal status has improved all over the world. But many laws still make it difficult for women to fully participate in economic life whether by getting jobs or starting businesses. Discriminatory rules bar women from certain jobs, restrict access to capital for women-owned firms and limit women's capacity to make legal decisions. Gender differences in laws affect both developing and developed economies, and women in all regions. Women, business, and the law measures restrictions on women s employment and entrepreneurship as well as incentives for women s employment in 143 economies. Women, business, and the law and the World Bank's global financial inclusion global findings database show that in economies with a default full community of property regime, there are on average 10 percentage points more female owned accounts at formal financial institutions than in economies with a default separation of property regime. This report has shown that although much progress has been made in recent decades in gradually dismantling many of the legal restrictions which have hampered women from more fully contributing to national prosperity, there is a large unfinished agenda of reform. Gender equality is important not only for fairness and equity, but also for economic efficiency and is at the center of creating a more prosperous world. **Citation** *“World Bank; International Finance Corporation. 2013. Women, Business, and the Law 2014 : Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender Equality. London: Bloomsbury. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/20528 License: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO.”* **URI** http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20528
Women, Business, and the Law 2014 : Removing Restrictions to Enhance Gender Equality
Les Femmes, l’Entreprise et le Droit, 2014
Les Femmes, l’Entreprise et le Droit, 2014 TXT
The World Bank Group Gender Strategy 2024-30 puts forward the bold ambition to accelerate gender equality to end poverty on a livable planet. Building on lessons from past WBG gender engagement and two years of intensive internal and external consultations, the strategy engages with greater ambition – approaching gender equality for all as essential for global development. It responds to the global urgency, fundamentality, and complexity of achieving gender equality. It calls for innovation, financing, and collective action to end gender-based violence and elevate human capital, expand and enable economic opportunities and engage women as leaders.
World Bank Group Gender Strategy 2024 - 2030 : Accelerate Gender Equality to End Poverty on a Livable Planet (English)
Gender Strategy Overview (2-page Summary)
The World Bank Group (WBG) [Gender Strategy (2024-30) ‘Accelerate Gender Equality To End Poverty On A Livable Planet’](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/gender/brief/gender-strategy-update-2024-30-accelerating-equality-and-empowerment-for-all) underwent extensive consultations. The WBG held face-to-face, on-demand consultations in 28 countries and engaged with representatives of over 600 entities from more than 110 countries, including civil society organizations (CSOs), government representatives, parliamentarians, academia, private sector, feminist organizations, indigenous groups, donors/ philanthropies, UN agencies, multilateral development banks, and other development partners. The feedback has informed and enriched the final Gender Strategy. The [consultation process heard from thousands of people](https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/5d8957fc6121f15e81df89e2f7aaac2e-0140022024/original/Acknowledgements.pdf) through in-person meetings, virtual dialogues, an online survey, written inputs, and engagement in global forums with a wide range of stakeholders.
How Consultations Informed the 2024-2030 World Bank Group Gender Strategy
Another generation of women will have to wait for gender parity, according to the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2021. As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be felt, closing the global gender gap has increased by a generation from 99.5 years to 135.6 years.
Viz: Eastern Europe and Central Asia Top 10
Viz: Latin America and the Caribbean, Top 10
Viz: Western Europe and North America, Top 10
The Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks the evolution of gender-based gaps among four key dimensions (Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment) and tracks progress towards closing these gaps over time. This year, the Global Gender Gap index benchmarks 156 countries, providing a tool for cross-country comparison and to prioritize the most effective policies needed to close gender gaps.The methodology of the index has remained stable since its original conception in 2006, providing a basis for robust cross-country and time-series analysis. The Global Gender Gap Index measures scores on a 0 to 100 scale and scores can be interpreted as the distance to parity (i.e. the percentage of the gender gap that has been closed). The 14th edition of the report, the Global Gender Gap Report 2020, was launched in December 2019, using the latest available data at the time. The 15th edition, the Global Gender Gap Report 2021, comes out a little over one year after COVID-19 was officially declared a pandemic. Preliminary evidence suggests that the health emergency and the related economic downturn have impacted women more severely than men, partially re-opening gaps that had already been closed.
Viz: Middle East and North Africa, Top 10
At the core of the Constitution of Kenya (COK, 2010) is the belief that there can only be real progress in society if all citizens participate fully in their governance, and that all, male and female, persons with disabilities (PWDs) and all previously marginalized and excluded groups are included in the affairs of the republic.Specifically, the Constitution provides in Article 81 (b) that “the electoral system shall comply with the principle that not more than two-thirds of the members of elective public bodies shall be of the same gender”. The persistent challenge has been on how to actualise this core commitment in Kenya’s National Assembly and Senate as prescribed. This publication traces the efforts to implement the commitment through legislation. Women have been historically and systematically marginalized through distinct social and legal imperfections that relegated them to the periphery of public political life. The post-independence context in Kenya is particularly important in assessing the struggle for inclusion of women in political and electoral processes. The purpose of this publication, is to highlight these political and legal developments towards implementation of the two-thirds gender principle. Important to note is the lack of political will towards the goal. Secondly is the outright disobedience of court orders by parliament. Thirdly is the flagrant impunity the legislature is showing by continuing to operate yet it is unconstitutional. Passing the two-thirds gender law is a matter of constitutional compliance, yet parliament has made it a matter of political choice.
Tracing The Journey: Towards Implementation Of The Two Thirds Gender Principle
LivWell is a global longitudinal database which provides a range of key indicators related to women’s socioeconomic status, health and well-being, access to basic services, and demographic outcomes. Data are available at the sub-national level for 52 countries and 447 regions. A total of 134 indicators are based on 199 Demographic and Health Surveys for the period 1990-2019, supplemented by extensive information on socioeconomic and climatic conditions in the respective regions for a total of 190 indicators. The resulting data offer various opportunities for policy-relevant research on gender inequality, inclusive development, and demographic trends at the sub-national level. For a full description, please refer to the article describing the database here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01824-2 The companion repository livwelldata allows to easily use the database in R. The R package can be downloaded following the instructions on the following git repository: https://gitlab.pik-potsdam.de/belmin/livwelldata. The version of the database in the package is the same as in this repository.
LivWell: a sub-national Dataset on the Living Conditions of Women and their Well-being for 52 Countries
Camille Belmin, Roman Hoffmann, Mahmoud Elkasabi & Peter-Paul Pichler
## Abstract Data on women’s living conditions and socio-economic development are important for understanding and addressing the pronounced challenges and inequalities faced by women worldwide. While such information is increasingly available at the national level, comparable data at the sub-national level are missing. We here present the LivWell global longitudinal dataset, which includes a set of key indicators on women’s socio-economic status, health and well-being, access to basic services and demographic outcomes. It covers 447 regions in 52 countries and includes a total of 265 different indicators. The majority of these are based on 199 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for the period 1990–2019 and are complemented by extensive information on socio-economic and climatic conditions in the respective regions. The resulting dataset offers various opportunities for policy-relevant research on gender inequality, inclusive development and demographic trends at the sub-national level.
Women’s inclusion, justice, and security are more critical than ever in the midst of a pandemic that has wreaked havoc around the world. This year’s global report, the third since the inaugural edition in 2017, finds a slowdown in the pace of improvement in the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) Index and widening disparities across countries. The range of scores on the 2021 WPS Index is vast, with Norway at the top scoring more than three times better than Afghanistan at the bottom. The range of scores is much wider than in 2017, when the score of the top performer was about twice that of the worst performer. This widening gap reflects rising inequality in the status of women across countries: countries at the top continue to improve while those at the bottom get worse, mirroring global trends in wealth and income inequality. The index captures and quantifies the three dimensions of women’s inclusion (economic, social, political), justice (formal laws and informal discrimination), and security (at the individual, community, and societal levels) through 11 indicators (figure 1). Globally, WPS Index scores have risen an average of 9 percent since 2017 and at above-average rates in 31 countries. Score improved more than 5 percent in 90 countries. Six of the top ten score improvers are in Sub-Saharan Africa.1 And current global levels of organized violence are significantly below the 2014 peak, despite a moderate uptick between 2019 and 2020.
Women, Peace and Security Index 2020/21: Tracking sustainable peace through inclusion, justice, and security for women
This document reflects the significant expansion of IFC’s gender work, ranging from innovative research, new product development, broadened private sector advisory solutions, increased gender-lens investments, and robust partnerships. This expansion was fueled by a clear business case that explained why gender equality matters to the private sector, set ambitious institutional corporate targets, deployed an increasing number of decentralized gender resources, fostered a deeper engagement between the World Bank (WB) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) as one World Bank Group (WBG) addressing gender barriers, broadened financing instruments, and expanded the use of blended finance. As a result, long-term finance commitments with a gender lens increased from $1 billion in fiscal year (FY) 2019 to $8.99 billion in FY23. IFC’s share of women directors nominated for IFC board seats rose from 26 percent in FY18 to 62 percent in FY23. New advisory projects with a gender lens rose from 25 percent in FY16 to 55 percent in FY23. IFC also invested $575 million across six gender bonds issued by private sector financial institutions – each was the first in its market. Finally, this document highlights key areas of learning during the implementation of the first gender strategy and summarizes what more can be done to accelerate gender equality through the forthcoming World Bank Group Gender Strategy. Due to the negative impact of COVID-19 on gains in gender equality, new investments are required that advance affordable, safe quality childcare, prevent and mitigate gender-based violence, and increase women’s labor force participation rate. On an equally and increasingly important agenda, women are disproportionately impacted by climate change but are less represented in efforts to address it, gender equality and climate need to be better connected in development efforts. While some progress has been made, more efforts will be needed to accelerate gender equality and tackle the backlash against the inclusion of women and other marginalized groups in many countries. This could include integrating more gender perspectives into IFC investments via tools such as corporate targets, ramping up the use of blended and sustainability linked finance, partnering with investors to mobilize and allocate gender-smart finance; and deploying multi-sector gender programs at country level in close collaboration with the World Bank to tackle stubborn gender inequalities. IFC can further connect its ambitious gender program with programs targeting marginalized groups (low-income/base of the pyramid, migrants/refugees, forcibly displaced people, LGBTI, and persons with disabilities) to better tailor solutions to country and client needs. Finally, gender results measurement was limited to inputs, processes, and some outputs, and this retrospective suggests collecting more standardized monitoring indicators and embedding better evaluation approaches to measure and publicly report on aggregate outcomes and impacts of gender equality efforts.
A Retrospective of IFC’s Implementation of the World Bank Group Gender Strategy 2016-2023
The overlapping impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, accelerating climate disasters, and geopolitical conflict are a threat to gender equality and women’s rights across the globe. This report from UN Women and UNDP shows what governments can do now to prevent further rollbacks and recover lost ground, while enhancing resilience and preparedness for future shocks. Drawing on a unique global dataset of close to 5,000 measures adopted by 226 countries and territories in response to COVID-19, the report finds that, overall, government responses paid insufficient attention to gender dynamics. At the same time, instances of innovation and learning hold important lessons for gender-responsive policymaking in times of crisis. For the first time, the report provides analysis on the factors that led to a strong gender response, generating key lessons for governments: - In a context of growing threats to democratic and open societies, strong institutions proved critical for an inclusive gender response. - Feminist movements and women’s rights organizations provided an early warning system on the gender impacts of the pandemic, particularly on violence against women and girls. - Women’s representation and leadership in executive positions, parliaments, and public administration was critical for translating feminist advocacy into policy action. - Countries with robust public services and gender-responsive social protection systems were in a better position to respond, while others had to improvise, under pressure, and with varying degrees of success. - Digital tools sustained feminist activism online and enabled policy innovations and rapid support roll-out, reaching groups of women often left behind in “normal times”. - Real-time gender data on the impact of the pandemic on women and girls was critical to making the case for gender-sensitive response measures, as was tracking what worked in government responses.
Government responses to COVID-19: Lessons on gender equality for a world in turmoil
Government responses to COVID-19 Full Report
Government responses to COVID-19 Summary
Women, Business and the Law 2023 is the ninth in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. It identifies barriers to women’s economic participation and encourages reform of discriminatory laws. This year, the study also includes research, a literature review, and analysis of 53 years of reforms for women’s rights and makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment.
Chapter 2 Data Trends from Five Decades of Reform.pdf
Chapter 1 The State of Women’s Legal Rights.pdf
Women, Business and the Law Indicator Scores.pdf
### **Abstract** Gender-based violence (GBV) represents a critical barrier to development globally. As the most extreme manifestation of gender inequality and the most prevalent form of violence worldwide, its impacts extend far beyond individual survivors, with implications for the productivity and well-being of families and communities, often across generations. This report reviews progress on GBV prevention and response in World Bank lending operations over the past decade finding that the institution offers unique entry points across all sectors in which it works to expand work on GBV. Critical investments in staff’s technical capacity, purposeful high quality analytical work to inform project design and implementation, and partnerships at the global, national, and local levels have driven the exponential progress on this agenda. Drawing on the lessons learned from a comprehensive review of the portfolio, interviews with staff and consultations with practitioners, donors and researchers in this area of work, the report lays out a guiding vision for deepening the work on GBV prevention and response in the decade ahead. ### **Citation** “World Bank. 2023. Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response in World Bank Operations: Taking Stock After a Decade of Engagement (2012-2022). © Washington, DC: World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/39934 License: [CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo).” ### **URI** https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39934 ### **Collections** [Other Social Protection Study](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/collections/8e2fe6a1-4cfe-5274-97ff-365ea84295b5)[Spanish PDFs Available](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/collections/d5b264c4-fbe6-5985-9266-c8375e42d3c7) ### **Associated content** [Sexual and Gender-Based Violence : What is the World Bank Doing and What Have We Learned](http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16733)
Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response in World Bank Operations: Taking Stock After a Decade of Engagement (2012-2022)
Publication: Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response in World Bank Operations: Taking Stock After a Decade of Engagement (2012-2022)
Women, Business and the Law 2020, the sixth edition in a series, analyzes laws and regulations affecting women’s economic inclusion in 190 economies. The Women, Business and the Law Index, composed by eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they begin, progress through and end their careers, aligns different areas of the law with the economic decisions women make at various stages of their lives. The indicators are: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. The report updates all indicators as of September 1, 2019, and builds evidence around the linkages between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make as they go through different stages of their working lives and the pace of reforms over the past 2 years, Women, Business and the Law makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic opportunities and empowerment. While celebrating the progress made, the data and analysis emphasize the work still to be done to ensure economic empowerment for all. **Citation** *“World Bank. 2020. Women, Business and the Law 2020. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/32639 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”* **URI** http://hdl.handle.net/10986/32639
Talent is one of the most essential factors for growth and competitiveness. To build future economies that are both dynamic and inclusive, we must ensure that everyone has equal opportunity. When women and girls are not integrated—as both beneficiary and shaper—the global community loses out on skills, ideas and perspectives that are critical for addressing global challenges and harnessing new opportunities. This report finds that, globally, gender parity is shifting into reverse this year for the first time since the World Economic Forum started measuring it. Yet there are also many countries that have made considerable progress, understanding that talent is a critical factor for growth. These countries are poised for further success. This year’s analysis also reveals gender gaps at the industry level and, in particular, highlights that even though qualified women are coming out of the education system, many industries are failing to hire, retain and promote them, losing out on a wealth of capacity. As the world moves from capitalism into the era of talentism, competitiveness on a national and on a business level will be decided more than ever before by the innovative capacity of a country or a company. In this new context, the integration of women into the talent pool becomes a must. While no single measure can capture the complete situation, the Global Gender Gap Index presented in this report seeks to measure one important aspect of gender equality: the relative gaps between women and men across four key areas: health, education, economy and politics.
The Global Media Monitoring Project is the largest and longest longitudinal study on the gender in the world’s media. It is also the largest advocacy initiative in the world on changing the representation of women in the media. It is unique in involving participants ranging from grassroots community organizations to university students and researchers to media practitioners, all of whom participate on a voluntary basis. Every five years since 1995, GMMP research has taken the pulse of selected indicators of gender in the news media, studying women’s presence in relation to men, gender bias and stereotyping in news media content. The fifth research in the series was conducted in 2015 by hundreds of volunteers in 114 countries around the world. Learn more at https://whomakesthenews.org/
Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) 2020 Report
GMMP 2020 Regional Report - Latin America
This guidance note provides recommendations for developing gender factbooks as a channel to effectively communicate gender statistics, which serves as a critical input to designing and monitoring policies to improve development opportunities for all. A gender factbook is a comprehensive publication that disseminates gender statistics through visuals and tables accompanied by relevant analysis and legal or policy frameworks that give context to the data presented. This guidance note is intended to support national statistics offices in their efforts to improve existing gender factbooks or to assist a country in developing its first gender factbook. Section 2 outlines the motivation for reporting on gender data and creating a gender factbook. Section 3 provides guidance on producing and disseminating a gender factbook, leveraging best-practice examples from a comprehensive review of existing gender factbooks and publications that focus on improving the communication and dissemination of gender statistics. Section 4 concludes, and the appendixes provide valuable sources, samples, and templates.
Guidance Note for Producing and Disseminating Gender Factbooks (English)
Guidance Note for Producing and Disseminating Gender Factbooks
The World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2022 assesses gender parity across 146 countries. It measures progress in four areas: economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment. The report found that progress towards gender parity has stalled, particularly in the workforce, where the pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities. The report also examines emerging trends in the labour market and explores factors contributing to gender gaps in wealth accumulation, lifelong learning, and stress levels. It provides detailed Economy Profiles of each country, along with an interactive data platform that allows users to explore the findings in detail.
The World Bank Group’s Women, Business and the Law examines laws and regulations affecting women’s prospects as entrepreneurs and employees across 187 economies. Its goal is to inform policy discussions on how to remove legal restrictions on women and promote research on how to improve women’s economic inclusion. Women, Business and the Law 2019: A Decade of Reform introduces a new index measuring legal rights for women throughout their working lives in 187 economies. The index is composed of 35 data points grouped into eight indicators. The data covers a 10-year period not only to understand the current situation but to see how laws affecting women’s equality of opportunity have evolved over time. The index assesses economic rights at milestones spanning the arc of a woman’s working life: the ability to move freely; starting a job; getting paid; legal capacity within marriage; having children; running a business; managing assets; and getting a pension. **Citation** *“World Bank Group. 2019. Women, Business and the Law 2019 : A Decade of Reform. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31327 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”* **URI** http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31327
Women, Business and the Law 2019 : A Decade of Reform
LES FEMMES, L’ENTREPRISE ET LE DROIT 2019
The Global Media Monitoring Project (GMMP) All Reports
Global Media Monitoring Project 2020 - Report
Global Media Monitoring Project 2015 - Report
Global Media Monitoring Project 2020 - Preliminary Findings
Global Media Monitoring Project 2010 - Report
Global Media Monitoring Project 2005 - Report
The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, better known as the Maputo Protocol, is an international human rights instrument established by the African Union that went into effect in 2005. It guarantees comprehensive rights to women including the right to take part in the political process, to social and political equality with men, improved autonomy in their reproductive health decisions, and an end to female genital mutilation.[3] It was adopted by the African Union in Maputo, Mozambique, in 2003 in the form of a protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (adopted in 1981, enacted in 1986).
Protocolo À Carta Africana Dos Direitos Do Homem E Dos Povos, Relativo Aos Direitos Da Mulher Em África
Protocole A La Charte Africaine Des Droits De L'homme Et Des Peuples Relatif Aux Droits Des Femmes
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice. **Citation** *“World Bank. 2021. Women, Business and the Law 2021. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35094 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”* **URI** http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35094
### Gendered impacts of food systems crises Across the world, populations are facing severe threats and rising inequalities due to a combination of climate change, environmental degradation, the COVID-19 pandemic and conflict. Food systems, as a result, are in crisis and people are increasingly feeling the impact on their everyday lives. Gender inequalities are woven through food systems, and contribute to unjust food production, access and consumption. Women, historically and now, have less access to healthy food, land ownership and resources for food production than men. Globally, the gap between men’s and women’s hunger has widened with food insecurity now affecting 150 million more women than men. ### Hungry for gender equality: The 2022 Global Food 50/50 Report Global food systems organizations are working to address some of the critical issues facing populations’ access to food and nutrition. The second annual Global Food 50/50 Report assesses whether and how such organizations are integrating gender and equality considerations in their work. It reviews the policies and practices of 51 organizations as they relate to two interlinked dimensions of inequality: inequality of opportunity in career pathways inside organizations and inequality in who benefits from the global food system. The primary aim of the Global Food 50/50 Report is to encourage food systems organizations to confront and address gender inequality within their organizations and governance structures, and in their programmatic approaches across food systems. A second aim is to increase recognition of the role that gender plays in who runs and benefits from food systems for everybody: women and men, including transgender people, and people with nonbinary gender identities. ### Key findings The 2022 report shows that gender and geographic diversity are severely lacking in the boards of major global food organizations, with leadership positions dominated by men from the global north. This matters because representation from a narrow section of the global population will not result in policies and programmes that meet the needs and interests of all people, across all regions, including women. The review of board composition of the 24 organizations that were included in the analysis of board members showed that more than 70% of board seats are held by nationals of high-income countries. Just 8% of board seats are held by women from low- and middle-income countries. However, there are indications of progress towards more inclusive organizations. Our findings show an increase in women board chairs from 24% in 2021 to 36% in 2022. More organizations are publishing board diversity policies—policies were found in 30% of organizations, a 10% increase since 2021. Moreover, the review located five new board diversity policies across the sample. A high proportion of organizations (49/52) have made formal and public commitments to gender equality and this has increased since 2021. In 2022, there was an increase of five organizations with gender-transformative programmatic approaches, from 60% to 70% and a decrease in the number of organizations with gender-blind approaches. Despite some advances among some global food systems organizations, the sector has a long way to go to achieve gender equality in the boardroom, in the workplace and in who benefits from their work. The data in this report can equip leaders at all levels—from communities to workforces to boards—to take action, drive change, measure progress, and hold those in power accountable to their commitments to advance gender equality and transform food systems. A fairer, more gender-equal system will be best placed to end hunger, poverty, and inequality around the world. Suggested citation: Global Health 50/50, the International Food Policy Research Institute, UN Women, ‘Hungry for Gender Equality: The Global Food 50/50 Report 2022’, Washington D.C.: 2022. https://doi.org/10.56649/WIQE2012
By measuring where the law treats men and women differently, this book shines a light on how women's incentives or capacity to work are affected by the legal environment and provides a basis for improving regulation. The fourth edition in a series, this book examines laws and regulations affecting women’s prospects as entrepreneurs and employees in 173 economies, across seven areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit, going to court, and protecting women from violence. The report's quantitative indicators are intended to inform research and policy discussions on how to improve women's economic opportunities and outcomes. **Citation** *“World Bank Group. 2015. Women, Business and the Law 2016 : Getting to Equal. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22546 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”* **URI** http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22546
Women, Business and the Law 2016 : Getting to Equal
Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security
Centre for Rights Education and Awareness (CREAW)